Ssh (Secure Shell)
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A. Sejarah SSH
Secure Shell atau yang kita kenal dengan SSH merupakan salah satu penemuan di tahun 1995 oleh Tatu Ylonen, seorang peneliti dari Helsinki University of Technology, Finlandia. Ia mendesain salah satu protokol SSH pertama yang sekarang disebut sebagai SSH-1 untuk menghalau serangan password-sniffing (teknik pencurian password) pada jaringan universitas itu sendiri.
Sebagai peneliti ia memutuskan untuk membuat protokol ini sebagai freeware, karena pentingnya aplikasi SSH ini membuat tools ini sangat populer. Dalam waktu singkat telah digunakan oleh 20.000 user di lebih dari 50 negara di seluruh dunia. Saat ini tentu pengguna aplikasi SSH ini telah mencapai jutaan pengguna di seluruh dunia.
B. Pengertian SSH
SSH adalah akronim dari Secure Shell yang merupakan sebuah protokol jaringan yang memanfaatkan kriptografi untuk melakukan komunikasi data pada perangkat jaringan agar lebih aman. Dalam konsepnya penggunaan SSH ini harus di dukung oleh server maupun perangkat atau komputer klien yang melakukan pertukaran data. Keduanya harus memiliki SSH server dari sisi komputer server dan SSH klien untuk komputer penerima (klien).
Banyaknya masalah keamanan jaringan memang menjadi hal serius untuk dihadapi, terutama untuk jaringan yang menghubungkan pertukaran data yang krusial. Sebagai contoh perbankan, pemerintah, dan instansi swasta yang membutuhkan perlindungan data terhadap konsumen dan bisnisnya, bahkan antivirus terbaik pun tidak dapat memberikan perlindungan secara sempurna.
C. Fungsi SSH
SSH dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan telnet, rlogin, ftp, dan rsh, salah satu fungsi utamanya adalah untuk menjamin keamanan dalam melakukan transmisi data pada suatu jaringan. SSH banyak dimanfaatkan oleh berbagai network admin di berbagai belahan dunia untuk mengontrol web dan jenis jaringan lainnya seperti WAN.
Fungsi SSH ini sebenarnya adalah dibuat untuk menggantikan protokol sebelumnya yang dianggap sangat rentan terhadap pencurian data melalui malware berbahaya. Protokol tersebut antara lain adalah rlogin, TELNET dan protokol rsh. Adapun fungsi SSH lainnya, yaitu :
- Melakukan enkripsi terhadap data yang dikirim.
- Protokol untuk pertukaran data dalam suatu jaringan.
- Otentifikasi, mekanisme untuk memastikan pengirim dan penerima adalah benar dan aman.
- Kerahasiaan, memastikan kerahasiaan data yang dikirim agar hanya diketahui oleh penerima dan pengirim.
SSH ini pada umumnya untuk memudahkan pemahaman adalah dengan membandingkannya dengan telnet dan ftp. SSH sebagai protokol sejenis yang memberikan keamanan dan enkripsi dalam setiap pertukaran datanya. Topologi jaringan komputer merupakan salah satu faktor penentu kinerja keamanan jaringan. Topologi jaringan terpusat akan membantu mempermudah menggunakan aplikasi seperti SSH ini.
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